Steel Bar/reinforcement
Steel Bar/reinforcement is an alloy of iron and other metals that is very strong and corrosion-resistant.
Properties – High tensile strength and elasticity.
A low thermal coefficient.
Good bond with concrete.
Uses help concrete withstand tension forces
Concrete block
Building Block made of 75% concrete
Properties – Thermal insulation
Absorbs sound
Fire resistant
Compressive strength
Absorbs water
Uses -used to construct load-bearing walls, partitions, or panel walls
Metal Roofs
Metal Roofs.
Properties – long-lasting
durable
Fire resistant
Eco Friendly because most metals are highly recyclable
weather resistance to wind and water
Uses – form the topmost component of a building structure
Wood
Wood is any plant tissue used for structural support
Properties – Thermal insulation.
Acoustic insulation.
Structural stability.
Better fire resistance due to low thermal conductivity.
Resistance to electrical current
High Aesthetic value
hygroscopic material
Uses – Formwork to cast concrete element
Structural element- Beams and columns for building
Flooring
Roof and ceiling
Walls and partition
Bridge construction
Glass
Glass- is a transparent mineral substance produced by melting silica sand and limestone at extremely high temperatures.
Properties– Transparency
It can be blown, drawn, or pressed
Clear, colourless, diffused, or stained.
Recyclable
Energy efficiency and acoustic control:
Uses Windows and doors.
Walling Roofing
Reinforcement structures
Sand
Sand- Construction material often provides bulk, strength, and stability to other materials such as concrete, mortar, plaster, and screed. Different types of sand are used for different items of construction.
Properties Texture can be smooth or rough depending on grain size
Poor water retention properties,
High permeability
Easily compressed
Uses For plastering purposes
For moulding blocks
Mixed with cement to form mortar for joining block/ brickwork
Mixed with cement and gravel to form Concrete
Gravel
Gravel – Small fragments of rock that give volume, stability, and resistance to wear or erosion of the construction element.
Properties Texture is rough.
Poor water retention properties,
High permeability
Hard to compart
Uses aggregate mixed with cement to form concrete
As road base or as the road surface in road construction
To create walkways
For landscaping
Used for filtration in water treatment
Cement
Cement is a mixture of two primary ingredients; limestone and clay. When mixed, they form a plastic paste, popularly used as a binder.
Properties It has a fine texture.
Adhesive and cohesive
Uses – mixed with sand and water to form a paste, used in blockwork, rendering, and plastering
Mixed with aggregate and sand to form concrete used in concrete works
Part of the ingredients in the block moulding
Granite Stones
Granite Stones. Large fragments of rock formed primarily of minerals
Properties Texture is rough
Poor water retention properties,
High permeability
Hard to compart
Uses Construction of drainage
Used as hardcore for foundation
To create walkways
For landscaping
Used for filtration in water treatment
Masonry work
Bricks
Brick. is a material made from clay and masonry cement
Properties resistance against abrasion
High Compressive strength
Low water absorption
Durable and long-lasting
Fireproof
Rectangular shape
Commonly red
Efflorescence may occur to form white powdery scum
sound insulation
thermal insulation
Uses – Construction of walls
Engineering bricks are used for structural elements
Used in the outer face of masonry as Wall Finishing
the lining of ovens, furnaces, and chimneys
Metal
Metal – solid material that is generally hard, shiny, and malleable; the variety of metals used in construction are aluminium, stainless steel, iron, titanium, copper, brass, and mild steel
Properties –Durability
High Strength
Weather resistance
Thermal conductivity
Recyclable
Uses – Windows
Doors,
Electrical wires
Outdoor signage and streetlights
Handrails and balustrading
Architectural cladding
Structural elements
Concrete
Concrete. is a composite material made up of cement and aggregate, typically sand or gravel
Properties – Compressive strength.
Durability
Porosity and density
Fire resistance.
Thermal and acoustic insulation properties.
Impact resistance
Shrinkage
Absorbs water
Uses Pavements.
Structural elements like columns and beams
Foundations.
Floor slab
Roads and bridges.
Concrete walls
Culverts and Sewers
Roof
Tiles
Tile- thin plates or elements made from Granite, Cement, Ceramic, Glass, Mable, or Porcelain used to cover the surface of roofs, floors, or walls.
Properties – scratch-resistant
Stain-resistant
Prone to cracks
Non-porous
Durable
Water & frost-resistant
It comes in a variety of shapes and colours
Eco friendly
Fire resistant
Uses – Floors & walls surfaces
Swimming pools
Roofing material
Tabletop and countertops
Paints
Paint – a mixture of pigments and binders generally available in a liquid state.
Properties – Liquid form
It comes in various colours
Quick-drying
Uses -Protect building exteriors and interiors from UV rays, moulds, wind, stains, and water penetration.
Interior and exterior walls’ esthetic
Improves Windows esthetics
Protects Wood trims, flooring, doors from decay, and pest protection
Protect metal from rust
Plastic
Plastic is a synthetic compound derived from petrochemicals but is generally non-toxic.
Properties – Durable
Recyclable
Energy efficient
Safe and easy to install
Insulation against electricity
Available in different shapes, colours, and sizes
Moisture resistant
Low melting point
Soundproof
Weather Resistance
high thermal expansion rates
Lightweight
Uses Flooring
Roofing
Insulation
Walling
Pipes
Windows
Doors
Sanitary Equipment
Building materials are products used to build houses, roads, bridges, skyscrapers, etc. They may be natural, like wood, or manmade, like concrete or steel. Building materials come in various forms, including bricks, tiles, stones, concrete, and steel. These building materials are designed for specific uses and are typically made from natural or man-made sources.